Control apparatus for operating furnaces



' I CONTROL APPARATUS FOR OPERATVING FURNAGES Filed June 25, 195s Y s sheets-sheet 1 'l1111111,1/111,1'111111111'lll'llrlllllln rlrllr111111111111111,"111,111,111 :r11/11,1.

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l H. A. REEcE 2,188,920 CONTROL APPARATUS FOR OPERATING FURNACES Feb. 6, 1940.

Filed June 25, 1938 Feb. s, 1,1940.

- H. A.. REEcE. consumiI APPARATUS FOR oPEMTIrxGv FURNACES 3 vSheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR.

Fil'ed June .25, 1938 Patentes ret. s, 1940 UNITED STATES CONTROL `APPARATUS FGR OPERATING FURNACE Herbert' A. Reece, Cleveland Heights, Ohio, assignor to- Meehanite Metal Corporation, a cor.-

poration of Tennessee Applicationsune z5, 193s, serial Np. 215,191

6 Claims.

My invention relates to metallurgical furnaces, and more particularly to wind boxes for furnaces such as cupolas and the like, and to the method of operating the same.

' In the following discussion the operation and structure of a cupola for the remelting of metal will be referred to, but it is to be understood that my invention includes the structure and operation of all furnaces wherein a blast of air or other gases is supplied through a plurality of tuyres to the interior of the furnace.

In the operation of metallurgical furnaces such A as cupolas' it is necessary to supply a blast of air to the interior of the furnace for supplying air to the furnace contents being processed to promote combustion.

'I'he shaft of the cupola to be operatedV is charged with one or more charges of coke and of the metal to be melted directly uponl the coke bed. The coke upon being ignited is in an incandescent state and upon the oxygen of the air blown into the furnace uniting with the coke carbon. oxides of the carbon are formed. The location where this union takes place land where the greatest heatvis liberated is referred to as the melting zone as it is here that the heat is suilicient to melt the metal which thereupon falls to the bottom of the cupola in a molten state. The blast of air is supplied to' the interior of the cupola through a number" of tuyres or conduits extending through the wall of the body of the cupola.

The tuyres are usually arranged substantially in one horizontal plane and around the periphery of the body of the cupola. In other possible arrangements, the tuyres may be located in more than one layer, that is, there may be one set of tuyres in one horizontal plane and another set of tuyres in another horizontal plane, or the tuyres may be otherwise arranged. For the purpose of simplification and clarity, my invention will'be discussed in the embodiment in which one set of tuyres arranged-in substantially one horizontalplane isutilized. It is to be understood, however, that my invention is likewise applicable to other arrangements'of rthe tuyres and the /scope of my invention includes the modications f and changes which may be made for adaptation to all of said other arrangements. v

The melting zone in a properly operated cupola is located within theshaft at a level above the tuyres through which the-air blast enters. For

obtaining a proper melt of metal having the essential qualities, it is desirable that all ofY the location in the shaft. I'his desiredcontrol of the melting operation is a most sought for objective in the art and the difficulty of obtaining it has been a major problem inthe operation of furnaces utilizing a blast of air.

To obtain a. proper melt so as to. produce melting be done uniformly and at the proper V molten metal having uniform quality, the control of the melting zone is highly essential. 'The melting zone should be within a vstratum or section of the charge in the cupola substantially parallel to the plane of the set of tuyres and combustion should be substantially uniform throughout that stratum. In other words, the.

oxygen'of the air blast from the several tuyresl should unite with the carbon of the coke at sub-A stantially the same level above the air supplying tuyres. f

The placing and distribution of tuyres of proper size around the periphery of the body of the cupola is' important in the control of Vthis melting zone but this precaution alone has not been found suilicient as variations in velocity of the air entering each of the lseveral tuyres greatly influences the -type lof melting zone obtained. While theequalizing of the size of the tuyres and the uniform positioning ofthe tuyres have been factors in the control of the melting zone, the control of the velocities of the air entering each of the tuyres is the major influencing factor, in obtaining a proper melting operation.

'It is known that castings are sometimes defecv tive in foundry work due to gaseous extrusions carbon form'a union above the tuyres but the .l

exact height abov'e the tuyres in relation to the velocities of the air may not be definitely known.

It is, however, known that the height of this union; that is, the height of the melting zone, bears a relationship to the air velocities.

A difference in velocities of air from the respective tuyres tends to cause step melting", that is, melting at diiferent heights. In such a condition of step melting the gases in the melting zone at, one height do not fuse or cause a complete melt. 'I'he well melted metal tends to absorb the free gases not united. The absorbing of some gases at one level and the absorbing of other gases at another level prevents a complete unison of these gases, thereby resulting inthe production of molten metal containing undesirable gases which are not retained at temperatures approaching solidiilcation.

In order to approach uniformity in volume and velocity, as closely as possible in the supply of the air blast to the several tuyres positioned around the periphery `of the body of the furnace,

- it has been theA practice to supply the tuyres from a common source. This is done by positionfurnace so that all of the tuyres communicate l 'I'he air chamber in turn is supplied with a blast of air through an inlet conduit from a suitable air blower. This common air chamber is called by various names in the art, such as, wind box, wind belt, bustle, and air box,l and will be referred to herein as a wind box. It assumes various forms and may have an arcuate or rectangular cross-section. Generally, it surrounds the body ofthe furnace at a low level where communication with the tuyres may be established directly or through relatively short intercommunicating conduits leading to each tuyre.

As has been stated, uniformity of velocities of the air blast entering eachtuyere is a desired objective. It has been thought that this could bef accomplished by partly shutting oft' one or more of the tuyres or the inter-communicating conduits leading to each tuyre from the wind.

box. However, in practice this has not worked out successfully as the partial shut-off limits the volume of air admitted and causes lack of uniformity of the volume of air supplied to the several tuyres. A partial restriction placed at a tuyre or at the short inter-communicating conduit leading to the tuyre also tends to deilect back a portion of the air blast so as to -cause a back pressure and to thus further throte fying th velocity//of aportion tle the flow of the air blast. It has therefore been necessary to obtain this uniformity of velocities'by other means.

Prior to this invention numerous attempts have been made to regulate volumes and velocities of air through slide valves or the like at each tuyre or in the conduit to each tuyre. Such attempts have been unsuccessful in that in clampening olf a main current of air or other gas, air pockets are formed and currents of air are deected back into the path of travelof the air due to compressing the air at the point of re-l striction by the slide valve. This creation of air pockets and deected air currents so interferes with the ow of air supplied to the tuyre to which such control is attempted that the. volume of air supplied to that tuyre is diminished and results in the relative volume at all the tuyres being disturbed. The decrease in the volume of air admitted to one tuyre tends to increasel the volume of air supplied to other tuyres. This throwing out of balance of the ratio of the air volumes to the tuyres is referred to as a disturbance of the volume.

It is an object of my invention toA provide a wind box for supplying an air blast at substantially equal velocities to each of a plurality of tuyres.

A still further object is to provide a. wind box for supplying an air blast to each of several tuyres at desired velocities without disturbing the relative volume of air supplied to each of the several tuyres.

Another object is to provide an apparatus for controlling velocity Without a4 disturbance of v volume.

It is a further object of my invention to provide a wind box for supplying an air blast to each of a plurality of tuyres in a manner that the velocity of the air blast to one tuyre is relatively proportioned to the velocity of the air blast to another tuyre.

t Another object is to provide adevice for modiofthe air blast passing through a wind box.

Another object is to provide a device for distributing the currents of the air blast passing through a Wind box so as to affect the relative velocities of the air blastsupplied to each of several tuyres.

Another object is to provide ay device for controlling the velocity of air to the tuyres while the furnace is in operation.

Another object is to provide a device for adjusting the relative velocities of air supplied to several tuyres and at the same time maintaining the relative volumes of air supplied to the several tuyres.

Another object is to provide a device for defiecting a portion of air supplied to a tuyre at a distance from the entrance to the tuyre to avoid compression or change of pressure.

Another object is to provide a device for improving the operation of furnaces utilizing an air blast.

Another object is to provide' a device for adjustably determining the velocity of the air blast to one or more of several tuyres.

Another object is to provide a device for supplying an air blast to a furnace to control the melting zone in the furnace.

Another object is to provide a method for improved operation of furnaces.

A further object is to provide an improved method of supplying an air blast to a plurality of tuyres of a furnace.

And a still further object is the provision of apparatus and method for production of molten metal of an improved and uniform -quality.

Other objects and a fuller understanding may be had by referring to thefollowing description and claims, Itaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: l

Figure 1 is an elevational view of a cupola and wind box mounted thereon;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken lengthwise of the cupola and wind box shown in Figure 1; g

Figure 3 is a detailed view of one of the deflectlng vanes and shows the mounting of the vane in the wind box;

Figure 4 is a view looking at the right hand end'of the illustration of Figure 3 and from the outside of the wind box;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the cupola taken through the line 5-5 of Figure 1;

Figure 6`is a sectional view taken through the line 6-6 of Figure 1; y

Figure '7 illustrates one form of deflecting vane;

Figure 8 illustrates another form of deiiecting vane;

Figure 9 illustrates amodied form of vane and is a cross-sectional view taken through the line 9-9 of Figure 8; y A

Figure 10 illustrates a modified form of mounting the deilecting vane in the wind box;

Figure 11 illustrates another modified manner of mounting the deecting vane in the wind box and another form of indicating means;

Figure l2 is a view looking at the right hand end of the illustration of Figure 11 and lfrom the outside of the windbox; and

Figure 13 is a diagrammatical view of a wind box embodying features ofL my invention and illustrates the wind box opened up and lying in body 2| which sets uponl the support 26. 'I'he -cupola body or shell 2| is in the form of a cylindrical shaft, the inner walls of the cupola body 2| being lined by the fire brick lining 24.

The body 2| and the lining 24 are mounted upon 5 the bottom plate 21.

For purposes of simplicity in illustration, the usual tap hole and slag hole are not shown. It has also been considered unnecessary to illustrate such other openings as a clean-out door,

breast arch, or drop bottom doors. The cupola illustrated, however, may be considered as having all of the parts necessary for the usual operation of the same.

The wind box 22 of cylindrical shape is mounted upon the cupola body 2| by welding or other suitable means and in the embodiment shown, the outer wall of the cupola body forms one of the enclosing walls of the wind box 22.

It is therefore seen from the views of Figures 1 91| and 2 that'the wind box 22 forms an enclosed jacket surrounding the cupola body 2| in such a way that air introduced into the wind box may circulate entirely around the cupola body.

The inlet conduit 23 is in communication with 25 the air blower or other source of an air blast and the inlet conduit 23 is connected to the wind box 22 at the upper portion ofthe ,wind vbox 22 so as to afford communication between the air 'blower andthe inlet opening 25 of the wind box 22.

In the cupola illustrated there are six tuyres extending through the -wall and lining of the cupola body 2| so as to establish communication between the interior of the shaft of the cupola and the wind box 22. Tuyres 33, 3|, and 32 are illustrated in Figure 2. All six tuyres, 30, 3|. 32,33, 34 and 35 are illustrated in Figures 5, 6 Aand 13. These tuyres are lof substantially equal size and are uniformly spaced around the pe- '40 riphery of the cupola. It is to be noted that the tuyres enter the cupola body at a low level in the cupola and communicate with the wind box in a lower portion thereof. In order that the operator may look into the tuyres from the outside of the furnace, .peep holes arey provided in the wind box opposite each of the tuyres .and mica or other suitable substance is sealed over these.peep holes. Except when necessary, peep hole covers. 28 hingedlyl connected to the windl box 22 are kept in position over the peep holes by means of the latch members 29.

A plurality of vanes or plates are mounted within the wind box 22 at a level'above the tuyres. These vanes may be in the form of u sheets of metal or other proper material. A simple form. of vane is shown in Figure 'l in which the vane 54 is rectangular in shape and has a flat rectangular cross-section. in Figure 8 is somewhat modified in shape. One edge of the vane 55 is arcuate, so as to approximately complement the arcuate shape of the outer wall of the wind box 22. The crosssectional of the vane 55 may be flat rectangular or it may be streamlined as is shown in Figure 9.

55 Such a cross-section as shown in Figure 9 is somewhat more leftlcient irr accurately meeting air current at the right angle and defiecting theV current in the proper angle..

A set of six vanes are positioned in the wind box belowthe inlet opening 25 and above the tuyres. Only the vanes 40 and 43 of this set of six vanes is shown in Figure 2. All of the six vanes 40., 4|, 42, 43, 44,-and 45 are illustrated in 1 Figure 6 and in Figure 13. It is seen from the several drawings that each-vane ispositioned The vane approximately mid-way between lines drawn vertically through the center of the tuyres. By this arrangement, the tuyres and vanes are somewhat staggered so that each vane is not positioned directly above the center of a tuyre.

A seventh vane 39 is positioned somewhat above -the set of six vanes and is mounted in the wind box 22 immediately adjacent to the lower portion of the inlet opening 25, so that the air blast entering the inlet conduit 23 may meet the vane 39 in the first instance. As the .mounting` for each of the vanes is substantially the same, the mountlng of vane 43 is shown in Figures 3 and 4 as illustrative. An abutting plate 4s is fweIded by the welding 41 to the cupola body 2|. A hole or u socket 48 is formed in the plate 45 to act as a bearing. The vane 43 having the outline of the vane 55 shown in Figure 8 is mounted'to the rod 50 by means of the weldings 5| so that the vane 43 revolves upon the turning of the rod 50. The

linner end of the rod 50 rides freely within `the socket 48 so as to turn therein. The other end ofthe rod 50 extends through a hole provided in the Wall of the wind box 22 so as to protrude therefrom. An abutting washer 49 is secured or otherwise anchored to the rod 50 so as to prevent the rod 50 from moving outwardly of the wind box, that is, toward the right in Figure 3. Immediately outside of the wind box 22 the rod 50 is non-circular in cross-section and the indicator n bar 52 having a non-circular opening is mounted thereon so that the indicator bar 52 willrotate with the rod 50 and thus indicate the position in which it is rotated. The outer end of the rod sn is threaded and the wing nut 5s is threadabiy s mounted thereon.

It is therefore seen from the views of Figures 3` and 4 that the vane 43 may be turned into any desired position by manually swinging the indicator bar 52. In this waythe rod 50 acts as an axis upon which the vane 43 revolves. After the vane 43 is in the proper rotative position as is indicated by the position of the indicator bar 52, the wing nut 53 is tightened down so as to draw the abutting washer 49 and the bar 52 towards veach other and thus locking the vane 43 to the wall of the wind box 22 in the desired position.

Figures 5 and 6 being cross-sectional views through the cupola and wind box illustrates the relativefpositions of the several parts. Figure '5 50 is a cross-sectional view taken through the lzupola and wind box and in the direction of the arrows 5 5 of Figure' l and shows the shape and positioningv of the tuyres 30, 3|, 32, 33, 34, and 35, extending through the wall and lining of the cupola body 2|. The peep hole covers 28 in the outside wall of the wind box 22 are opposite each tuyre.

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken through the cupola and wind box in the direction of the n arrows 6--6 of Figure 1 and-shows the set of six vanes, 40, 4|, 42', 43, 44, and 45. The vane 39 is also shown and its relative position in respect to the other vanes and the inlet conduit 23 is illustrated. Vane 4| beingbelow the vane 39 is shown in dotted lines. The six vanes, 49, 4|, 42, Y 43, 44. and 45, are shown as distributed around the wind box and positioned approximately bef tween the dotted lines indicating the six tuyres below. The vane 39 is at a higher level than the 70 said set of six vanes, and is adjacent to the lower edge of the opening 25 of the inlet 23.

For purposes of demonstrating the function of the several parts, the diagrammatical view of Figure 13 is shown. The view of Figure. 13 is 1.

obtained by opening up the wind box along a longitudinal seam and looking at it as one would look at'the wind box from the center of the n cupola. The position of the six tuyres is illustrated in Figure 13 and the relative position of the set of six vanes at a higher leveland the seventh vane 39 still above is diagrammatically.

shownin this View. The air blast enters through .the inlet conduit 23 into the wind box 22 in the upper portion thereof. The spacing and size of the parts in Figure .i3 are not necessarily proportioned as the` showing is merely diagrammatical for purposes of aiding in the clarity of the description. As is readily discernible from l54 assumed that the most direct routes would be taken.

In the usual wind box heretofore in standard practice and without my vanes, the deflecting action of the interior arcuate Wall of the wind box and the meeting of one current by4 another are Yamong the several 'factors which prevent any simple direct flow from the inlet to the several tuyres, and thereby adding to the complexity of the many currents and cross-currents of air travelling through the wind box. Also,4the air blast travelling at a rapid rate around the wind box tends to collide with the air blast later entering the wind box from.the inlet. There are several factors which produce a complex flow of currents, cross-currents, and counter-currents. As an example of the several factors which may inuence the flow of the current of the air blast and the relativeyelocities ofthe same, it has been found by vexperimenting with smoke or other visible gases introduced into the usual wind box and without the vanes, that the smoke upon entering the wind box will rapidly circle around the wind box, collide with the smoke` later entering the wind box, be deflected down to the bottom of the wind box by the collision, and immediately bound upwardly again, so that as a result, the

, air blast entering the tuyreimmediately below the inlet may have a lower velocity than the velocity of the air blast entering some of the more distant tuyres.- It is by reason of the several factors which cause inequalities among ycross-currents.

In vmy device the positioning of the several vanes in proper relationship permits the air blast to be so controlled and the relative velocities of the portions of the air blast so determined that each tuyre may -be furnished with an air blast of a velocity substantially equal to the velocity of the air blast to every other tuyre. By the use of an anemometer, the velocities of the air blast entering each tuyre may be measured. Upon finding inequalities in the several velocities, the vanes will be revolvedinto their proper position and secured in this position in order that the velocity of each tuyre is substantially equalized. The upper vane 39 gives an initial control to the within the wind box. 22.

air blast and deflects it into the desired course. As the air blast in its course moves toward the several tuyres, then each of the six vanes is iniiuential in so deecting and guiding the course of portions of the air blast that portions of the 5 air blast supplied to each tuyre is thereby modied in velocity. 'I'he vanes meet and deflect the respective currents, cross-currents, and countercurrents and thereby modify the velocity of portions of the air blast. By proper operation of the vanes, the velocity at any one tuyre may be modied relative to the velocity of the air blast at other tuyres.

After testing with the anemometer, the proper position of the vanes may be determined and the ll vanes then secured in position. In Figure 10, there' is illustrated, the mounting of the 'vane 54 within the wind box 22 in a manner so that the vane after being adjusted in position is locked in that position by merely tightening a nut upon the threaded end of the rod upon which the vane 54 is mounted. In this form there is no indica.- tion on the outside of thelwind box as to the position of the vane and thel vane is in a relative j permanent position after its proper angle of deiection has been found. Under uniform operating conditions, the vanes may be thus .lxed in .relatively permanent position in the manner shown. However, changes in the velocity of the total air blast from the inlet may so e'ectthe relationship of the several currents, crosscurrents, and counter-currents, of portions of the air blast within the wind box that the proper ratio of the velocities at each tuyre may be unbalanced. In such even, to again obtain the proper equalization of the severalvelocities'it may be necessary to again adjust the position ofthe vanes. Therefore, to care for such a condition it is preferable to have adjustable vanes and means for adjustably securing them in position. 40

It is to be understood that the number and Y arrangement of the deecting vanes or plates may be varied and other changes may be made, all within the scope of my invention. For example, the vanes or plates may be staggered or otherwise placed within the wind box. Also any obstruction which tends to deflect a portion of the air blast is to be considered the. same as a vane or plate.- The tilting'of the vanes as referred to in the description and claims is to be w understood as including any positioning of the vanes for obtaining the desired reflection, whether the vane is positioned horizontally, vertically, or in intermedia-te degrees.

In Figures 11 and .12, there is shown a.l somewhat modied form of mounting the vane 54` A supporting rod 55 is secured to the inner wall of the wind box 22 by the welding 51 and the lower free end of the rod 56 has a hole which acts as a bearing support. The vane 54 is rigidly secured to the rod 59 which has its inner end supported by the bearing provided in the rod 56. The outer end of the rod 59 extends through an opening and suitable Washer element in the wall of the wind c5 is a suitable head upon the screw bolt 6I` and l aiaaaao the combination of the screw bolt BI with the -dial plate 60 is such that by threadably turning the screw bolt 6I in one direction, the bar 68 will be rigidly secured to the plate Bll and upon loosening of the screw bolt 8l, the bar 58 may be swung in an arc. In this manner, the vane ,54 may be revolved into proper position and there secured against further movement by tightening the bolt 6I.

lIn the foregoing description and exposition,

ltheories have been advanced concerning combustion, melting, influence of velocities, factors determining velocities, andthe deflecting action of the vanes, but it is to be understood that I am not to be bound by any theory thus advanced, it being sumcient that a new and operable apparatus and ,method is herein invented and disclosed giving a result not heretofore known and 'constituting an improvement in the art of great benefit.

Although I have described my invention with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure has been made only -by way of example and that numerous changes of blown air and having a plurality of tuyres having entrances into the wind box, the tuyres being adapted to communicate with the interior of the body of said furnace, the interior of the wind box forming a common chamber through which the blown air 'passes from the inlet to the entrances of the s aid tuyres, a plurality of l deecting vanes mounted at a distance from said e'qual velocities to the entrances of each( of saidl entrances and within the common chamber of said wind box in the path of the blown air pass"- ing from said inlet to the entrances of said plurality o f tuyres, adjustable means for tilting said vanes into deflecting position, and means for securinfg the said vanes in said deiiecting position, the deflecting position of said vanes beingsch that the blown air in said wind boxl and meeting said vanes is divided'and deflected in passing from said inlet to said plurality of tuyres tosubstantially equalize the velocity of the blown air delivered to the entrance of each of said tuyres.

2. In a furnace having` a wind box forming a common distributing -chamber for vsupplying blown air to the entrances of a plurality of tuyres entering said furnace. said wind box having an inlet positioned at a levelabove said tuyres, said inlet being adapted to communicate with a source of blown air, a plurality of vanes mounted within said wind box, each said vane being positioned at a level above the enrtrance of one of said tuyres and beingpositioned below the level of said inlet, means for adjustably' tilting said vanes into deflecting position, and means for holding said vanes inde--` ecting position, the deflecting position of said vanes being such that the flow of ,the blown air passing through the wind box from said inlet to the entrances' of said plurality of tuyres is modified to supply blownpair at substantially 3. In a cupola furnace 'having a plurality of,

tuyres for delivering an air blast to the interiorof the furnace, a wind box mounted adjacent to the body of said furnace, said windbox hav-'- ing an inlet adapted to communicate with a source of air blast and having outlets opening` into each of said tuyreadeilecting members positioned within said Wind box at a distance from said outlets, and'supporting means for supporting said deflecting members, said deecting members being tilted for deflection of the air blast meeting said deiiecting members as the air blast passes through said wind box to cause said air -blast to be delivered to said outlets at substantially equal velocities.

4. In a -wind box for a metallurgical furnace in which an air blast is blown through the wind box from an inlet to the entrances of a plu-` rality of tuyres entering the body of said furnace, a plurality'of plates carried by said wind box at a distancev from said entrances to permit.

free flow through the entrances, operating means for moving each of said plates into deflecting position to modify the course of the air blast blowing through the wind box and meeting each plate, adjustable means for securing each of said plates in desired deflecting position, and indieating means on the outside of the wind box for indicating-the deflecting position of each of the said plates within the windvbox, each of said plates being adapted to be moved into a deiiecting position in said wind box relative to the deflecting position of the other plates to c'ooperate therewith in diverting portions of said air blast in its course from said inlet to the entrances of said tuyres, the diversion of the air blast by said plates being such that the relative velocity of the air blast entering the entrances of' each of said tuyres is controlled.v

5. In a furnace having a wind bo'x for supply-l ing a blast of air to a plurality of tuyres, said wind4 box having an inlet adapted to communicate with a source of an air blast and havingv outlets in communication with said tuyres, de.

iiecting members positioned within said Wind box for deflecting portions of said air blast passing through the wind box from the inlet to said outlets, saiddeecting members being positioned at a distance from said outlets to avoid Aconstriction of said air blast entering said outlets', sup-V porting means for supporting said deflecting members, and adjustable means for adjusting the position of said deiiecting members to modify the velocity of said portions of said air blast.

6. In a wind box for furnishing a blast o f blown air from a `common source to a plurality of tuyres in which the tuyres are substantially uniform in size and distribution to afford uniform volume delivery of blown air through the tuyres, a plurality of 4deflecting vanes carried by, and positioned in, the wind box in the path of the blast of air passing from saidcommon source to said tuyres for modifying the course 4 of the air blast from the common source to the plurality of tuyres, means for adjusting the deflection ofeach of said vanes relative to the deflection of 'the other vanes, said vanes cooperating in modifyingl thecourse of the air- 'rammen'. 

